Tracking the information about your manuscript
Communicate with the editorial office
Query manuscript payment status Editorial OfficeCollecting, editing, reviewing and other affairs offices
Managing manuscripts
Managing author information and external review Expert Information Expert ReviewOnline Review
Online Communication with the Editorial Department
Download Center
Journal Display
Welcome to follow
Page Views
Page visits today: 0
Introduction
Journal English Name: Hydrometallurgy of China
ISSN: 1009-2617 CN: 11-3012/TF
Publication Frequency: Bimonthly
Language: Chinese
Supervising Authority: China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC)
Sponsor: Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC
Editor-in-Chief: Niu Yuqing
Mailing Address: Editorial Office of Hydrometallurgy of China, No. 145, Jiukeshu, Tongzhou District, Beijing, P.R.China
Tel: 8610-51675321, 8610-51674124
Submission Website: https://sfyje.cbpt.cnki.net
E-mail: shifayejin@cnmstc.com
Postal Distribution Code: 81-181
Advertising Registration: Jingtong Shijian Guangdeng Zi No.20190002
Evolution and Challenges of Uranium Extraction Technology
WANG Jun;XU Guolong;CHEN Meifang;LIU Fangyang;JIANG Liangxing;Uranium serves as the "grain" for the nuclear industry and constitutes a strategic resource essential for both national and energy security.Currently,the global uranium supply relies primarily on conventional extraction technologies,such as open-pit and underground mining combined with heap leaching,as well as in-situ leaching.These well-established technologies,characterized by high maturity and relatively low costs,represent the primary methods for uranium extraction at present.However,conventional uranium mining is facing mounting challenges,including the gradual depletion of high-grade resources and increasing difficulty in developing low-grade deposits.Therefore,it has become imperative to expand uranium extraction technologies toward unconventional resources.Unconventional uranium resource extraction technologies aim to recover uranium from low-grade polymetallic associated ores,seawater,and salt lake brines.Although various technical pathways are still in the research and development stage,they have demonstrated significant potential for broadening resource boundaries and achieving comprehensive resource utilization.This paper systematically reviews the fundamental principles,research progress,and future development trends of uranium extraction technologies,aiming to provide a reference for technological innovation and strategic direction in the field of uranium extraction.
Research Progress on Solvent Extraction Technology in Niobium-Tantalum Separation
LEI Xin;LIU Chengyi;ZHANG Haoran;ZHAO Chenyu;MA Jiajun;Niobium and tantalum are strategic rare metals,and their efficient separation and purification are crucial for the sustainable utilization of resources.The resource characteristics and industrial demand of niobium and tantalum are summarized,and the research progress of solvent extraction method in niobium and tantalum separation is focused on.The formation mechanism of niobiumtantalum fluoride complexes and their coordination behavior with extractants are discussed.The extraction performance of ketones,esters,amines,crown ethers,organic phosphonates,and novel functionalized ionic liquid extractants is summarized,and current challenges and development trends are outlined.
Intensified Leaching of Chalcopyrite by Pulsed Microbubbles and Its Mechanism
LUO Mengheng;YANG Siyuan;CHEN Xinghai;HUANG Lingyun;LIU Cheng;In order to improve the leaching efficiency of chalcopyrite,on the basis of the conventional heating leaching system,the pulse microbubble method is introduced to reduce the influence of the sulfide layer by improving the mass transfer efficiency in the leaching process.The kinetics is discussed,the morphology of the leaching residue is analyzed,and the mechanism of pulse microbubble-enhanced leaching is revealed.The results show that the pulsed microbubbles can significantly improve the leaching rate of chalcopyrite,and the increase rate rises with the decrease in microbubble size.Under the optimum conditions of conventional leaching,the copper leaching rate is only 53.6%,while under the same conditions,the copper leaching rate can increase to 62.48% and80.40% when the pore size of the orifice plate is 94 and 75μm,respectively.The SEM test results show that the pulsed microbubbles can effectively improve the aggregation degree and coverage area of the sulfide layer on the surface of chalcopyrite.The mechanism may be that the pulsed microbubbles have higher mass transfer efficiency and can accelerate the reaction rate.At the same time,the local high temperature and high pressure released during the burst can weaken the passivation of the sulfide layer during the leaching process,thereby improving the leaching effect of chalcopyrite.
Optimization and Economic Evaluation of Acid Leaching Process for Colluvium in MSESA Orebody, Congo(DRC)
ZHANG Changda;LI Hui;ZHANG Jun;ZHENG Bin;XU Wei;HAN Bin;LI Liucan;In order to expand the development boundary of overseas low-grade copper-cobalt oxide ore,the leaching of copper and cobalt with sulfuric acid was studied for the Colluvium of MSESA orebody in Congo(DRC).The effects of various key factors on the leaching were investigated,and the economy of the process was evaluated and analyzed.The results show that the contents of copper and cobalt in the colluvium are 1.1% and 0.15%,respectively.The oxidation rate of the ore is high and the argillization is serious.The main gangue phases are talc,biotite,quartz,chlorite and dolomite.Copper mainly exists in the form of oxide,and cobalt exists in the form of cobaltite,cobalt carbonate and cobalt in gangue.Under the conditions of grinding fineness of 70%(-200 mesh),sulfuric acid addition of 7%,leaching temperature of 25℃,leaching time of 2h,liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 2.5∶1,and stirring rate of 300r/min,the leaching rates of copper and cobalt are 88.72%and 71.75%,respectively,and the acid consumption is 5.43t/tCu.Cathode copper is produced by leaching-extraction-electrowinning process.The production cost is$3 450.618/tCu,accounting for only 36.322% of the sales price of cathode copper,which has good economic benefits.
Recovery of Lithium from Retired Ternary Lithium Batteries by Carbothermal Reduction-Two-step Leaching Method
ZHANG Min;WU Xiaoqian;CHEN Ming;LI Hongbo;HU Zhenguang;The selective recovery of lithium from retired ternary lithium batteries by carbothermal reduction-two-step leaching(water leaching-acid leaching)process was studied.The effects of carbothermal reduction and leaching test conditions on lithium leaching were investigated.The results show that the cathode powder and activated carbon are compounded according to the ratio of carbon mass fraction of 27%.After roasting at 600 ℃ for 90 min,the roasting product is mixed with ultrapure water according to the solid-liquid mass volume ratio of 1/18,and then 83% of the theoretical amount of sulfuric acid is added dropwise.After leaching at 65 ℃ for 20min,the lithium leaching rate is more than 98%,while the leaching rates of nickel,cobalt and manganese are less than5%,and the lithium recovery effect is better.
Impurity Control in Antimony Extraction by Diaphragm Electrowinning in Alkaline System
LIU Haodong;WANG Yu;WANG Guangping;LIN Yan;To address the technical bottleneck of deep removal of key impurities such as Cu， Pb， As and Bi in the hydrometallurgical extraction of antimony， a process for producing low-impurity cathode antimony by diaphragm electrowinning in alkaline system was investigated. The effects of single-factor conditions， including current density， electrolysis temperature， electrolyte circulation rate， and electrode spacing， on the purity of cathode antimony and typical impurity content， surface morphology of the cathode deposit， cell voltage， current efficiency， and DC power consumption during the diaphragm electrowinning process in Na?S-NaOH alkaline system were systematically analyzed. The results show that pre-electrolysis can significantly reduce and effectively control metal impurities with electrode potentials close to or more positive than that of antimony in the electrolyte. The appropriate pre-electrolysis pretreatment technology combined with the optimal alkaline diaphragm electrowinning process can achieve effective control of difficult-to-remove impurities such as Cu， Pb， As， and Bi in cathode antimony. Under the optimal process conditions， a dense， bright cathode antimony with excellent morphology and a purity of 98.61% can be obtained， with an average cell voltage of 2.3 V， a cathode current efficiency of 90.93%， and a DC power consumption of 1 667.2 kWh/t. The impurity As content meets the single impurity content requirement of 5N-grade high-purity antimony Sb-05 specified in the national standard High Purity Antimony (GB/T 10117—2021)， and the removal rates of Cu， Pb， and Bi reach 66.41%， 99.62%， and 98.56%， respectively， which can provide stable raw materials for the subsequent low-cost preparation of high-purity antimony.
[Downloads: 3 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Preparation of High-Purity V2O5 by Constant pH Two-Fluid Controlled Crystallization Method and Its Impurity Removal Mechanism
YANG Haitao;MA Zhilong;ZHANG Maobo;LI Xiaodong;Aiming at the problems of excessive local supersaturation in the traditional vanadium precipitation process of high sodium alkaline stripping vanadium-rich solution， which leads to explosive nucleation and serious mechanical entrainment of impurities， the preparation of ammonium metavanadate (AMV) precursor by constant pH two-fluid controlled crystallization process was studied， and then high purity V2O5 was obtained by calcination. The effects of ammonium addition coefficient， reaction time and temperature on the vanadium precipitation rate and product purity were systematically investigated by combining the slow flow of vanadium precipitation buffer and constant pH control. The phase composition， microstructure and impurity distribution of the product were analyzed by XRD， SEM and ICP-OES. The results show that the precipitation rate of vanadium can reach 98.5% under the conditions of ammonium addition coefficient of 1.5， reaction time of 120 min and temperature of 85 ℃. The precursor obtained by controlled crystallization exhibits an ordered stacking structure of short column and thick plate， which significantly improves the common disorderly flocculation and mother liquor encapsulation in traditional rapid precipitation. After calcination at 500 ℃ for dehydration and deamination， the morphology of the precursor was reconstructed. Despite the thermodynamic impurity concentration effect， the purity of the final V2O5 was still as high as 99.89%. This process can effectively inhibit impurity entrainment in high-sodium systems at the source， providing a feasible pathway for the green preparation of high-purity V2O5 and demonstrating certain application prospects.
[Downloads: 5 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 1 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Gold Extraction from a Carbon-in-Leach Tailings and Its Kinetics
HU Ruibiao;GAO Dongxing;HUO Yubao;E Jianxin;Aiming at a carbon-in-leach tailings with relatively high gold grade in Hebei Province，based on the analysis of physicochemical properties and gold chemical phase， the process of ultrafine grinding–chemical pre-oxidation–cyanide leaching was adopted to extract gold from the tailings. The effects of ultrafine grinding fineness， pulp pH， sodium cyanide dosage， leaching temperature and time on gold extraction were investigated， and the kinetics of the chemical pre-oxidation–cyanide leaching process was discussed. The results show that under the conditions of ultrafine grinding fineness of -10 μm accounting for 80%， pre-oxidation for 14 h at an air flow rate of 0. 3 m3/h， followed by cyanide leaching with sodium cyanide dosage of 1.5 kg/t， leaching time of 24 h， pulp pH of 12.5， leaching temperature of 303 K， and air flow rate of 0.1 m3/h， the gold leaching rate can reach 70.23%. The kinetic study results indicate that the gold leaching process conforms to the classical unreacted shrinking core model， and the leaching reaction rate is controlled by the mixed control of interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion. The SEM and gold chemical phase analysis of the leaching residue show that there exist extremely finely disseminated gold or lattice gold in the carbon-in-leach tailings， which are difficult to leach. The research results can provide certain theoretical guidance and technical reference for further gold extraction from this tailings.
[Downloads: 8 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 3 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Potential and Mechanism of Ni/Co Co-Doped Layered Double Hydroxides for In Situ Remediation of Antimony-Contaminated Groundwater in Mining Areas
YANG Di;NING Ping;REN Meijie;HUANG Yimin;LIU Fansong;In view of the demand for Sb(Ⅴ) pollution remediation in groundwater of mining areas and the low adsorption capacity of conventional layered double hydroxides (LDHs)， this study adopted a urea-assisted hydrothermal method to modify MgAl-LDHs via Ni/Co co-doping， and successfully prepared a nanosheet material with a Ni/Co molar ratio of 2:1 (denoted as N?C?). At room temperature， N?C? exhibited a maximum theoretical Sb(Ⅴ) adsorption capacity of 60.04 mg/g， while the actual adsorption capacity was significantly enhanced from 11.6 mg/g for pristine LDHs to 41.7 mg/g. The adsorption behavior conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model， with rapid uptake occurring within the first 20 min and equilibrium being reached at approximately 120 min. Column tests and coexisting ion interference experiments demonstrated that the material possessed favorable dynamic removal performance and anti-interference capability in complex groundwater environments. Environmental compatibility assessment indicated that the leaching concentrations of Ni， Co， and Al remained below the detection limits within the pH range of 4–12， with only a minor release of Mg observed under acidic conditions， suggesting a low environmental risk. Combined Zeta potential， FT-IR， and XPS analyses confirmed that the enhanced Sb(Ⅴ) removal performance was attributed to the synergistic effects of strengthened electrostatic attraction， enhanced surface complexation， and interlayer anion exchange. This study provides a theoretical basis and material support for the application of Ni/Co co-doped LDHs in the in situ remediation of antimony-contaminated groundwater in mining areas.
[Downloads: 10 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 5 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Classified Recovery and Reuse of Aluminum from Decommissioned Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
LIU Zhipeng;ZHAO Danxi;HE Huichao;DING Xinji;BAO Guoying;WANG Shan;Aluminum in decommissioned crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules exists in two forms: aluminum frames and aluminum back-surface fields on solar cells， which have significantly different recovery routes. Current technologies face bottlenecks such as complex pretreatment and high environmental load. This study adopts a classified recovery process. For aluminum frames， temperature-controlled remelting combined with second-phase strengthening technology is used to produce recycled aluminum ingots. For aluminum in solar cells， a citric acid?hydrogen peroxide green chelating leaching system is employed for selective leaching， and the leachate is concentrated， followed by ethanol anti-solvent precipitation to produce aluminum citrate particles. The results show that the remelted aluminum ingots have an average grain size of 162.11 μm and a Vickers hardness of 42.4 HV， meeting the requirements of the GB/T 1196 standard. The comprehensive processing cost of recycled aluminum is approximately 1.3–2.0 CNY/kg， with energy consumption only 4.86% that of primary aluminum and carbon emissions only 1/24 that of primary aluminum. Orthogonal experiments determined the optimal leaching conditions as follows: reaction temperature 80 °C， reaction time 5 h， and citric acid concentration 1.5 mol/L， achieving an aluminum leaching rate of 95.15%. FT-IR characterization confirmed that the product is aluminum citrate， which can be used to prepare crosslinking agents for oilfield profile control and water shutoff. This process does not require deep pretreatment of aluminum frames， avoids the high environmental load of traditional strong acid systems， achieves efficient recovery of aluminum in different forms， and provides a new pathway for the green and large-scale recycling of aluminum from decommissioned photovoltaic modules.
[Downloads: 20 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 6 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Review on Proress Technolgies of Laterite-nickel Ore
LI Jian-hua~1,CHENG Wei~1,XIAO Zhi-hai~2 (1.Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing101149,China; 2.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanhua University,Hengyang,Hu'an421001,China)Present status of laterite-nickel resources are introduced. The main technics and related studies are described.The main fractors of working on acidic leaching under pressure are analyzed. It is believed that acidic leaching under pressure process is mostly application prospective.
Investigation and Industrial Practice on Extraction of V_2O5 from Stone Coal Containing Vanadium by Acid Process
LU Zhaoling(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy,CNNC,Beijing101149,China)Extraction of V2O5 from stone coal containing Vanadium from Westnorth China is investigated. The results show that Vanadium of about 80% can be leached with sulfuric acid under the condations that temperature is 85℃, mass ratio of liquid and solid is 1∶1, ore size is -60 mesh. Then puritic solution containing V2O5 can be acquired after being extracted with P204 and TBP dissolved in sulfonated kerosene and stripped with sulfuric acid. Refine V2O5 (purity is 98%) can acquired by precipitating with ammonium water and pyrolysis.
New Development of Hydrometallurgy
MA Rong-jun(Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Changsha,Hu'nan 410012,China)The new developments of hydrometallurgical technology are systematically summarized.The new technologies and new processes about leaching(pressurized leaching,active leaching,bacterial leaching,in-situ leaching),solvent extraction,ion exchange,electrolysis and membrane separation are expounded,respectively.The recent development status for preparating powder materials by wet method are especially introduced.The new direction for research and application of hydrometallurgy is also presented.
[Downloads: 2,965 ] [Citations: 133 ] [Reads: 94 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Regional Distribution of Vanadium Ore Resources and Extraction Processes of Vanadium From Stone Coal in China
JIANG Kai-qi,GUO Zhao-hui,XIAO Xi-yuan(Institute of Environmental Engineering,School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering,Central South University,Changsha,Hu'nan 410083)The reserves of vanadium resources,especially stone coal resources are abundant in China.Based on the statistical data,the available reserves of vanadium pentoxide resources are about 34 million tons,while accumulative total reserves are about 36 million tons,which are mainly distributed in provinces of Sichuan,Shanxi,Hu'nan,Anhui and Hubei.The available reserves and accumulative total proven reserves in above provinces account for 90.1% and 88.9% of the whole reserves in China,respectively.The stone coal is a special vanadium ore in China which reserves of V2O5 are about 11 million tons and account for 37.0% of the whole stone coal vanadium reserves,which are mainly distributed in provinces of Hu'nan,Hubei,Zhejiang and Guizhou.The available vanadium reserves in stone coal account for 62.6% which have industrial prospect and the content of V2O5 in these stone coal is more than 0.8%.Finally,main vanadium extraction processes by pydro-hydrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy are reviewed and some problems are also discussed.A novel technology,bioleaching,used in leaching of vanadium and other valuable metals from stone coal is prospected.
Research Progress on Application and Preparation of Nano-zinc Oxide
ZHANG Lisheng;LI Hui;ZHANG Hanxin;LIANG Jinglong;The basic characteristics,application status and preparation methods of nano-zinc oxide are briefly described.The principle,research status,advantages and disadvantages and development trend of the these preparation methods,such as gas phase deposition,precipitation,sol-gel and solid phase methods,are introduced.It is pointed out that several of these methods are used in combination,the nano-zinc oxide prepared has better properties.
Research Progress and Application of Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
ZHANG Shi-xian LI Yun-gang HE Xiao-feng (College of Metallurgy and Energy,Hebei Polytechnic University,Tangshan,Hebei 063009,China)In nature,many processes are non-equilibrium.It's not enough to find a solution to research these processes only relying to classical thermodynamics.In the paper,importent theory of non- equilibrium thermodynamics is introduced briefly.Its application in kinds of domain is summarized. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics will be used in more and more field along with it's development.
[Downloads: 3,424 ] [Citations: 25 ] [Reads: 149 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
New Development of Hydrometallurgy
MA Rong-jun(Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Changsha,Hu'nan 410012,China)The new developments of hydrometallurgical technology are systematically summarized.The new technologies and new processes about leaching(pressurized leaching,active leaching,bacterial leaching,in-situ leaching),solvent extraction,ion exchange,electrolysis and membrane separation are expounded,respectively.The recent development status for preparating powder materials by wet method are especially introduced.The new direction for research and application of hydrometallurgy is also presented.
[Downloads: 2,965 ] [Citations: 133 ] [Reads: 94 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Advances in Covalent Organic Frameworks
YU Jiehao;LIU Zhirong;Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) materials are crystalline porous polymers formed by a bottom-up approach from molecular building units.The covalent bonds offer positional control over their predesigned building blocks in two-and three-dimensions.The control makes the synthesis have rigid porous structures with the ability to fine-tune the chemical and physical properties.The COFs can be applied in gas storage and separations,sensing,electrochemical energy storage,optoelectronic,catalysis and radioactive element adsorption.The paper summarizes the structure of covalent organic frameworks materials,and discusses the materials crystallinity prepared by different synthetic methods and film formation conditions.The future development of COFs materials is prospected.
Preparation and Application of Nanocrystalline Zinc Sulfide
LI Yun-feng,LAN Yao-zhong (Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650091,China)The preparation methods and principles of nanocrystalline zinc sulfide are introduced.Application status of nanocrystalline zinc sulfide in various fields are expounded in detail.This paper points out that the urgent solving problem in this field is to find the method or process which can produce uniform size,well shape,low-priced nanocrystalline zinc sulfide powder,and to find the doping method which can improve its electro-optic property.
[Downloads: 2,188 ] [Citations: 22 ] [Reads: 126 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Developments
Strict Statement from Hydrometallurgy of China Regarding Counterfeit and Fraudulent Information
Call for Papers: Special Issue on "Lithium Resource Extraction and Recovery" in Hydrometallurgy
Notice of Inclusion in the 2023 Edition of the "Core Journals of Chinese Journals"
A Solemn Statement from the Editorial Department of "Hydrometallurgy of China" on Counterfeit and False Information
more..