Tracking the information about your manuscript
Communicate with the editorial office
Query manuscript payment status Editorial OfficeCollecting, editing, reviewing and other affairs offices
Managing manuscripts
Managing author information and external review Expert Information Expert ReviewOnline Review
Online Communication with the Editorial Department
Download Center
Journal Display
Welcome to follow
Page Views
Page visits today: 796
Introduction
Journal English Name: Hydrometallurgy of China
ISSN: 1009-2617 CN: 11-3012/TF
Publication Frequency: Bimonthly
Language: Chinese
Supervising Authority: China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC)
Sponsor: Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC
Editor-in-Chief: Niu Yuqing
Mailing Address: Editorial Office of Hydrometallurgy of China, No. 145, Jiukeshu, Tongzhou District, Beijing, P.R.China
Tel: 8610-51675321, 8610-51674124
Submission Website: https://sfyje.cbpt.cnki.net
E-mail: shifayejin@cnmstc.com
Postal Distribution Code: 81-181
Advertising Registration: Jingtong Shijian Guangdeng Zi No.20190002
Research Progress on Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Valuable Metals from Waste Lithium-ion Battery Cathode Materials
YANG Junjie;YIN Zixuan;BU Fancan;ZHOU Songtao;WANG Chongqing;Henan Ecological Environment Monitoring and Security Center;Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are promising for application in new energy and energy storage fields owing to their high energy efficiency,high power density,long cycle life,and low self-discharge rate.However,the limited lifespan of lithium batteries leads to substantial generation of waste batteries.Metals such as lithium and cobalt within their cathode materials belong to strategic resources.Recycling waste lithium batteries not only alleviates pressure on primary resource exploitation and reduces environmental pollution but also enables closed-loop recycling of metallic resources.The composition and the recycling process of lithium batteries are introduced.The research on metals recovery from lithium battery cathode materials through inorganic acid leaching,organic acid leaching,bioleaching,and deep eutectic solvent leaching is summarized.Technical guidance is provided for the recovery of valuable metals from waste lithium batteries.
Recovery of Rhenium from Copper Smelting Acidic Wastewater: Global Research, Application, and Outlook
XU Guolong;YI Aifei;TIAN Ye;YUAN Yuan;ZHANG Chong;CAO Mingqian;As one of the globally strategic critical metals,rhenium often exists in copper ores in an associated form.Copper smelting waste acid,an important carrier of rhenium resources,exhibits complex characteristics including high acidity,high impurity content,and low rhenium concentration.The characteristics pose formidable challenges to the rhenium recovery process.The key technologies for rhenium recovery from waste acid,with a particular emphasis on the progress of advanced purification technologies targeting the leaching solution are systematically summarized.The working principles,process optimization approaches,and industrial application effectiveness of solvent extraction and ion exchange methods are analyzed in depth.Moreover,the differentiated technical routes for leaching solution purification employed by major copper smelting enterprises worldwide are compared.Based on this,the key technical bottlenecks and potential breakthroughs for future development in this field are explored from multiple perspectives,including innovation of separation materials,process intensification,process integration,and secondary pollution control.The aim is to offer in-depth theoretical references and practical guidelines for the efficient,environmentally friendly,and high-value recovery of rhenium resources from waste acid.
Research Progress on Extraction of Valuable Elements from Fly Ash via Calcination Activation-Leaching Technology
ZHAO Junjie;ZHAO Aichun;HE Xin;ZHANG Ting'an;WANG Baoren;CHAO Xi;ZHANG Wen;LI Zeyu;Fly ash,as a large-scale industrial solid waste rich in valuable elements,is a hot topic in the non-ferrous metallurgy industry for recovering aluminum and other elements.Its utilization promotes a more rational allocation of resources and is crucial for improving the overall environmental situation.Firstly,the composition and physical and chemical properties of fly ash are analyzed.Then,the principle of recovering valuable elements from fly ash through roasting activation is expounded.Subsequently,the research progress of extracting aluminum,iron,lithium,gallium,vanadium and other elements from fly ash using the roasting activation-leaching method is systematically summarized.Finally,it is proposed that in the future,the roasting activation process parameters should be further optimized,and green and efficient subsequent separation technologies should be developed to promote the efficient,high-value and sustainable utilization of fly ash.
Mechanism of Extracting Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries Using Deep Eutectic Solvents
SHEN Peng;DING Quanmin;WANG Yuekun;LIU Hu;LOU Xiangyang;LIU Suyun;LIANG Yongmei;The recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries has significant economic and environmental benefits.The preparation of a low-viscosity eutectic solvent(DES)with excellent reducing properties using choline chloride,citric acid and ethylene glycol was studied.The DES was characterized by FT-IR,NMR and TG,and was used for the leaching of ternary lithium(NCM)cathode materials.The coordination dissolution mechanism of DES leaching NCM cathode materials was investigated by XRD,UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra.The results show that under the optimal leaching conditions of ethylene glycol addition of 30%,leaching temperature of 100℃,leaching time of 90 min,and liquid-solid mass ratio of 50/1 for DES,the leaching rates of Li,Mn,Co,and Ni in the cathode material are 95.98%,96.73%,98.58%,and 96.31%,respectively.The metal ions in the leachate can be efficiently recovered through the co-precipitation of anhydrous oxalic acid,and the precipitation rate of transition metal ions such as Mn,Co and Ni can reach over 95%.This recycling method can provide certaion technical reference for the green recycling of used lithium-ion batteries.
Extraction of Lithium from Alkali Leaching Solution of Rare Earth Molten Salt Electrolysis Residue Using Gas-Liquid Reaction Crystallization Method
WANG Jie;YU Mingming;MEI Guangjun;Extraction of lithium from alkali leaching solution of rare earth molten salt electrolytic residue by gas-liquid reaction crystallization method was studied.The effects of temperature,carbon dioxide flow rate,pH,aeration time and stirring speed on the carbonation rate were investigated.The results show that the carbonization rate is about 83% under the optimized conditions of temperature of 90℃,CO2 inflow rate of 1 000 mL/min,ventilation time of 20 min and stirring speed of 450r/min.The carbonization rate increases first and then decreases with the increase of CO2 inflow rate and ventilation time.The product is lithium carbonate with no impurities and high crystallinity.This method overcomes the problems of local supersaturation and uneven crystal size caused by traditional precipitation method,and provides a new technical path for the resource treatment of complex alkaline lithium-containing wastewater.And it can promote the rare earth smelting industry to the direction of green,recycling,high value development.
Distribution and Natural Attenuation Characteristics of Groundwater Uranium in the Post-mining Area of CO2+O2 In-situ Leaching Uranium Mine Based on Site Hydrogeochemical Data
YANG Bing;MENG Tong;ZHANG Haoyan;ZHAO Lixin;In recent years，several CO2+O2 in-situ leaching uranium mines in China have been facing final mining closure and decommissioning. Natural attenuation technology is an economically effective solution，and its feasibility has been demonstrated by multiple remediation cases of in-situ leaching uranium mines abroad. However，a systematic understanding for the natural attenuation patterns of groundwater uranium (U) at in-situ leaching uranium mines has not yet been established. This study focuses on a typical post-mining area of a CO?+O? in-situ leaching uranium mine in China. Based on field investigation and sampling，hydrochemical analysis and multivariate statistical methods were employed to determine the distribution characteristics and natural attenuation patterns of U in groundwater. The results show that the hydrochemical types of groundwater in the post-mining area has shifted to HCO?·SO?-Na type and multi-anion-Na type. The concentrations of groundwater U in the post-mining area are 0.11-7.99 mg/L and exhibit weak correlations with other major components. Natural attenuation of U concentrations is observed in 69% of the groundwater samples，with attenuation ratios ranging from 4.72% to 77.1% and attenuation rates ranging from 0.11 and 10.2 mg/(L·a). The research results demonstrate that this CO?+O? in-situ leaching uranium mine possesses natural attenuation capacity，and natural attenuation technology can serve as a remediation scheme for groundwater in post-mining areas of in-situ leaching sites.
[Downloads: 0 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Synergistic Acid Heap Leaching of Low-grade Uranium-Molybdenum Ore via Mixing Acid Curing and Low-Temperature Roasting
MA Junnan;XIA Qingyin;JIA Xiumin;SHI Liuyin;GUO Erhua;WANG Jinhui;WU Wenjun;Aiming at the problems of poor heap leaching permeability， low molybdenum leaching rate and difficult solid-liquid separation in stirring leaching of low-grade uranium-molybdenum ore in Guyuan， a process path of ' mixing acid curing-low temperature roasting ' synergistic enhanced acid heap leaching was proposed， and the key parameters such as acid concentration， curing temperature and time， roasting temperature and time， and spray intensity were optimized under column leaching conditions. Considering the energy consumption and process effect， the recommended conditions are as follows : ore particle size is -1 mm， acid mixing mass fraction is 12%， curing at 90 ℃ for 3 h， roasting at 300 ℃ for 30 min， acidizing water mass concentration is 10 g/L， spray intensity is 76 L/( m2 ·h ). Under these conditions， the leaching rate of molybdenum slag can reach 82.89 %， the molybdenum grade of tailings is reduced to 0.038 %， and the uranium grade is reduced to 100.33 × 10-6. The results of multi-batch ore verification test show that the process flow has adaptability to uranium-molybdenum ore with fluctuating grade and property. The molybdenum leaching rate of different low-grade uranium-molybdenum ore is stable at 72.51%-77.37%， which can achieve the process goal. The research results can provide technical support for the efficient extraction of low-grade complex uranium-molybdenum ore resources.
[Downloads: 0 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Exploration on Enrichment and Purification Technology of Associated Element Thorium in Bastnaesite
YAO Jia;WANG Jinyong;FANG Xusheng;CHEN Duqing;In view of the recovery and utilization of associated thorium resources and the control of radioactive pollution in the process of bastnaesite smelting，the migration and distribution characteristics of thorium elements in each link of smelting separation were systematically studied.After the pretreatment of bastnaesite by alkali decomposition，the leaching acidity was adjusted to 3-5 mol/L，and the thorium leaching rate was increased to 98%.Fe3+ in the feed solution was selectively removed by N235 extractant in advance，and then thorium was directional extracted by P507 extractant.The results showed that the saturated loading of thorium oxide in the diluted P507-sulfonated kerosene extraction system could reach 25 g/L.After oxalic acid back extraction，washing and burning at 1 000 ℃，the purity of thorium oxide in the final product reached 98.88%.The total yield of thorium is more than 96% for the raw material of bastnaesite containing 0.2%-0.3% thorium.The method is efficient and environmentally friendly，and has certain application potential in the release treatment of thorium-containing solid waste.
[Downloads: 3 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Intensified Leaching Process for Refractory Molybdenum Ore
KANG Shaohui;NIU Yuqing;KANG Xiuming;ZHANG Jiayu;YUAN Yuan;LI Dabing;WANG Hao;YE Kaikai;LIU Kang;REN Yan;Aiming at the problems of low molybdenum grade，complex ore properties and poor enrichment effect by conventional mineral processing methods for a certain molybdenum deposit，on the basis of ore property research，acid leaching，alkaline leaching and enhanced leaching tests were carried out respectively.The high-acid enhanced leaching process was optimally selected.The effects of sulfuric acid dosage，ore particle size，leaching temperature，oxidant dosage，liquid volume to solid mass ratio and leaching time on molybdenum leaching efficiency were investigated，and the optimal leaching process parameters were determined.The results show that under the optimal conditions of ore particle size of -100 mesh，sulfuric acid dosage of 20%，pyrolusite dosage of 3%，leaching temperature of 80 ℃，liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 1.5∶1 and leaching time of 3 h，the molybdenum leaching rate calculated by leaching residue is reaching 71.18% via the high-acid enhanced leaching process. To solve the problem of excessive residual acid in high-acid enhanced leachate， a two-stage countercurrent leaching process is being adopted. The average molybdenum leaching rate calculated by leaching residue is being increased to 72.16%， which is 1 percentage point higher than that of single-stage leaching. Meanwhile， the mass concentration of residual acid is decreasing by more than 40%， and the total consumption of sulfuric acid is being reduced by 25%. The ton-scale pilot test results of the two-stage countercurrent leaching process are indicating that under suitable conditions， the total sulfuric acid dosage is 15%， the residual acid mass concentration of leachate is 48.7 g/L， and the molybdenum leaching rate calculated by leaching residue is remaining above 71%. This process is proving stable and reliable with good reproducibility of leaching indexes， which is serving as the technical basis for the industrial design of this molybdenum deposit.
[Downloads: 2 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Determination of Phosphate in Boiler Water and Cooling Water in Nuclear Power Plant by Flow Injection Method
SHI Chao;ZHANG Jinchao;XU Yuntao;NIE Weiyuan;DING Haiyun;ZHANG Xihu;CHEN Shiheng;In order to solve the problems of low detection efficiency of phosphate in boiler water and cooling water of nuclear power plant， the automation operation has not been realized， and the operation risk of radioactive samples is high， a flow injection method for the determination of phosphate was investigated. The method is based on the reaction of phosphate with molybdate and metavanadate to form yellow phosphovanadium molybdic acid complex in acid medium， and the detection is carried out at the wavelength of 420 nm. The results show that the method exhibits good linearity in the phosphate mass concentration range of 0-500 mg/L (correlation coefficient R=0.999)， with a method detection limit of 2.28 mg/L. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) at low， medium， and high concentration levels are 2.41%， 1.61%， and 1.33%， respectively. Compared with the conventional spectrophotometric method， the relative error ranges from -0.81% to 1.27%. This method meets the requirements for phosphate determination in nuclear power plant boiler feed water and cooling water. The method enables fully automated sample analysis， with an analysis cycle of only 100 seconds per sample， significantly improving detection efficiency and automation level while greatly reducing the risk of radioactive exposure to operators. It provides an efficient， accurate， and safe automated analytical technique for rapid and precise phosphate detection in the field of nuclear power chemistry， demonstrating important engineering application value.
[Downloads: 2 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Review on Proress Technolgies of Laterite-nickel Ore
LI Jian-hua~1,CHENG Wei~1,XIAO Zhi-hai~2 (1.Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing101149,China; 2.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanhua University,Hengyang,Hu'an421001,China)Present status of laterite-nickel resources are introduced. The main technics and related studies are described.The main fractors of working on acidic leaching under pressure are analyzed. It is believed that acidic leaching under pressure process is mostly application prospective.
Investigation and Industrial Practice on Extraction of V_2O5 from Stone Coal Containing Vanadium by Acid Process
LU Zhaoling(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy,CNNC,Beijing101149,China)Extraction of V2O5 from stone coal containing Vanadium from Westnorth China is investigated. The results show that Vanadium of about 80% can be leached with sulfuric acid under the condations that temperature is 85℃, mass ratio of liquid and solid is 1∶1, ore size is -60 mesh. Then puritic solution containing V2O5 can be acquired after being extracted with P204 and TBP dissolved in sulfonated kerosene and stripped with sulfuric acid. Refine V2O5 (purity is 98%) can acquired by precipitating with ammonium water and pyrolysis.
New Development of Hydrometallurgy
MA Rong-jun(Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Changsha,Hu'nan 410012,China)The new developments of hydrometallurgical technology are systematically summarized.The new technologies and new processes about leaching(pressurized leaching,active leaching,bacterial leaching,in-situ leaching),solvent extraction,ion exchange,electrolysis and membrane separation are expounded,respectively.The recent development status for preparating powder materials by wet method are especially introduced.The new direction for research and application of hydrometallurgy is also presented.
[Downloads: 2,963 ] [Citations: 133 ] [Reads: 67 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Regional Distribution of Vanadium Ore Resources and Extraction Processes of Vanadium From Stone Coal in China
JIANG Kai-qi,GUO Zhao-hui,XIAO Xi-yuan(Institute of Environmental Engineering,School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering,Central South University,Changsha,Hu'nan 410083)The reserves of vanadium resources,especially stone coal resources are abundant in China.Based on the statistical data,the available reserves of vanadium pentoxide resources are about 34 million tons,while accumulative total reserves are about 36 million tons,which are mainly distributed in provinces of Sichuan,Shanxi,Hu'nan,Anhui and Hubei.The available reserves and accumulative total proven reserves in above provinces account for 90.1% and 88.9% of the whole reserves in China,respectively.The stone coal is a special vanadium ore in China which reserves of V2O5 are about 11 million tons and account for 37.0% of the whole stone coal vanadium reserves,which are mainly distributed in provinces of Hu'nan,Hubei,Zhejiang and Guizhou.The available vanadium reserves in stone coal account for 62.6% which have industrial prospect and the content of V2O5 in these stone coal is more than 0.8%.Finally,main vanadium extraction processes by pydro-hydrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy are reviewed and some problems are also discussed.A novel technology,bioleaching,used in leaching of vanadium and other valuable metals from stone coal is prospected.
Research Progress on Application and Preparation of Nano-zinc Oxide
ZHANG Lisheng;LI Hui;ZHANG Hanxin;LIANG Jinglong;The basic characteristics,application status and preparation methods of nano-zinc oxide are briefly described.The principle,research status,advantages and disadvantages and development trend of the these preparation methods,such as gas phase deposition,precipitation,sol-gel and solid phase methods,are introduced.It is pointed out that several of these methods are used in combination,the nano-zinc oxide prepared has better properties.
Research Progress and Application of Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
ZHANG Shi-xian LI Yun-gang HE Xiao-feng (College of Metallurgy and Energy,Hebei Polytechnic University,Tangshan,Hebei 063009,China)In nature,many processes are non-equilibrium.It's not enough to find a solution to research these processes only relying to classical thermodynamics.In the paper,importent theory of non- equilibrium thermodynamics is introduced briefly.Its application in kinds of domain is summarized. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics will be used in more and more field along with it's development.
[Downloads: 3,424 ] [Citations: 25 ] [Reads: 120 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
New Development of Hydrometallurgy
MA Rong-jun(Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Changsha,Hu'nan 410012,China)The new developments of hydrometallurgical technology are systematically summarized.The new technologies and new processes about leaching(pressurized leaching,active leaching,bacterial leaching,in-situ leaching),solvent extraction,ion exchange,electrolysis and membrane separation are expounded,respectively.The recent development status for preparating powder materials by wet method are especially introduced.The new direction for research and application of hydrometallurgy is also presented.
[Downloads: 2,963 ] [Citations: 133 ] [Reads: 67 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Advances in Covalent Organic Frameworks
YU Jiehao;LIU Zhirong;Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) materials are crystalline porous polymers formed by a bottom-up approach from molecular building units.The covalent bonds offer positional control over their predesigned building blocks in two-and three-dimensions.The control makes the synthesis have rigid porous structures with the ability to fine-tune the chemical and physical properties.The COFs can be applied in gas storage and separations,sensing,electrochemical energy storage,optoelectronic,catalysis and radioactive element adsorption.The paper summarizes the structure of covalent organic frameworks materials,and discusses the materials crystallinity prepared by different synthetic methods and film formation conditions.The future development of COFs materials is prospected.
Preparation and Application of Nanocrystalline Zinc Sulfide
LI Yun-feng,LAN Yao-zhong (Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650091,China)The preparation methods and principles of nanocrystalline zinc sulfide are introduced.Application status of nanocrystalline zinc sulfide in various fields are expounded in detail.This paper points out that the urgent solving problem in this field is to find the method or process which can produce uniform size,well shape,low-priced nanocrystalline zinc sulfide powder,and to find the doping method which can improve its electro-optic property.
[Downloads: 2,186 ] [Citations: 22 ] [Reads: 99 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Developments
Strict Statement from Hydrometallurgy of China Regarding Counterfeit and Fraudulent Information
Call for Papers: Special Issue on "Lithium Resource Extraction and Recovery" in Hydrometallurgy
Notice of Inclusion in the 2023 Edition of the "Core Journals of Chinese Journals"
A Solemn Statement from the Editorial Department of "Hydrometallurgy of China" on Counterfeit and False Information
more..