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Introduction
Hydrometallurgy of China (Bimonthly) was founded in 1982. It is a Core Journal of Chinese Journals, sponsored by China National Nuclear Corporation and Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy,CNNC.
Editorial mission: To disseminate scientific and technological information in the field of hydrometallurgy, facilitate technical exchanges, cultivate scientific and technological talents, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
The journal main content covers the beneficiation and hydrometallurgical processes of non-ferrous metals, rare metals, dispersed metals, rare earth metals and precious metals. It is a comprehensive publication on hydrometallurgical technology, covering the synthesis processes of related materials (extractants, ion exchange resins, adsorbents, flocculants, etc.), automatic control systems for metallurgical processes, research and development technologies of equipment and instruments, analysis and testing methods, and processes for the treatment of three wastes and comprehensive recovery of secondary resources. It can be referred to by scientific research, design and production personnel engaged in metal ore beneficiation, hydrometallurgy, chemical engineering, comprehensive metal recovery, three-waste treatment, analysis and testing, and environmental protection, as well as teachers and students of relevant majors in colleges and universities.
The domestic unified serial number of Hydrometallurgy of China is CN11-3012/TF, the international standard serial number is ISSN 1009-2617, and the advertising license number is Jingtong Shijian Guangdengzi 20190002. It is edited and published by the editorial department of Hydrometallurgy of China, and distributed by the post office and the editorial department. The price is 15.00 yuan per issue and 90.00 yuan for the whole year. It can be subscribed to at any post office across the country. The distribution code is 80-181. The editorial department handles subscription services all year round.
Address: Editorial Board of Hydrometallurgy of China, No. 145 Jiushushu, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
Tel: 8610-51675321 (Editor)
8610-51674124 (Subscription, Distribution)
E-mail: shifayejin@cnmstc.com
Website: https://sfyje.cbpt.cnki.net
Research Progress on Synthesis and Modification Process of Cobalt Vanadate Anode Materials
WANG Xinping;CAI Zongying;CAO Weigang;MO Yunhe;WEN Yun;Cobalt vanadate, as the anode material of lithium-ion batteries, has attracted much attention due to its characteristics such as high specific capacity, excellent rate performance and environmental friendliness.Several common structures of cobalt vanadate anode materials are introduced.The research progress of the main synthesis and modification methods of this material is elaborated with emphasis, including hydrothermal synthesis method, co-precipitation synthesis method and electrospinning synthesis method, as well as composite modification, surface modification and ion doping modification methods, etc.The key synthesis and modification research directions and application prospects of this material in the future are also prospectively presented.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Mg-Si-V-H2O System and Selective Separation of Silicon from Vanadium Slag Leaching Solution
WEI Linsen;PAN Shaoyan;LI Xuan;XIANG Xiaoyan;During the process of extracting vanadium from vanadium slag by sodium roasting-water leaching method, silicon in the leaching solution will react with alkali to form sodium silicate and enter the solution, affecting the recovery rate and quality of the product.To address this issue, the selective precipitation of silicon in vanadium leachate by the magnesium salt method was studied.Thermodynamic equilibrium diagrams of the Mg-Si-V-H2O system were constructed to investigate the distribution characteristics of free ions within the pH range of 7～14.Additionally, the relationship between pH and precipitation saturation indices was established to evaluate the precipitation behaviors of MgSiO3 and Mg(VO3)2 under different pH conditions.The calculation results reveal that the solubility of MgSiO3 is relatively low, while that of Mg(VO3)2 is relatively high, which can achieve the selective precipitation of silicon in the vanadium leaching solution.The verification test results demonstrate that the pH of the solution has a significant influence on the precipitation rate of silicon in the vanadium leaching solution.When pH=10,the silicon precipitation rate can reache 86.3%,and the vanadium loss rate is only 3.2%,with a good effect.
Occurrence State and Beneficiation and Metallurgical Characteristics of Uranium in Hydrothermal Uranium-Beryllium Deposits in Xinjiang
MA Jia;LI Guang;YE Kaikai;LI Chunfeng;TIAN Yuhui;ZHANG Chen;ZHANG Shouxun;HOU Xianming;Xinjiang hydrothermal uranium-beryllium deposit is a critical polymetallic resource in China, yet the occurrence characteristics of uranium and its migration behavior during beneficiation and metallurgy remain unclear.The occurrence state of uranium and its migration patterns during flotation-leaching processes were systematically investigated through multi-scale mineralogical characterization techniques(polarizing microscope, SEM,AMICS,EPMA).The results indicate that uranium primarily occurs in uranophane(76%),pitchblende(16%),and kasolite(6%).Uranium minerals exhibit fine dissemination sizes(10～70 μm) and low liberation degrees(<5%).The samples needs to be further finely ground to increase the dissociation degree of uranium minerals, so that they can fully contact the flotation reagents, thereyby ensuring the beneficiation effect.Among these factors, uranophane is a primary constraint on uranium leaching due to its fine-grained encapsulation and potential formation of surface silica gel coatings during leaching.While grinding the raw ore to-45 μm significantly improves mineral liberation, insufficient selectivity of flotation reagents results in non-significant distribution patterns between beryllium concentrate and tailings.Sulfuric acid roasting effectively decomposes silicate frameworks, achieving a uranium leaching rate exceeding 99%.The study can provide theoretical insights for optimizing the co-extraction of uranium and beryllium from complex polymetallic ores.
Superconducting Magnetic Separation Pre-enrichment of a Certain Low-grade Refractory Molybdenum Ore
LIN Ziqin;ZHANG Chen;LIU Yongtao;SUI Jie;LU Jiwei;YUAN Zhitao;HUO Yubao;LIU Shuo;HOU Xianming;In response to the issue that traditional beneficiation processes and direct leaching methods are difficult to achieve economically effective recovery for a certain low-grade and refractory molybdenum oxide ore, based on its process mineralogical characteristics, the application of superconducting magnetic separation for pre-enrichment of the low-grade and refractory molybdenum oxide ore was studied.The effects of magnetic separation conditions such as background magnetic field strength, slurry flow velocity, separation slurry concentration, slurry feeding method and other magnetic separation conditions on the pre-enrichment concentrate indicators were investigated.The results show that by adopting the upper feeding method and under the suitable conditions of background magnetic field strength of 4 T,slurry flow velocity of 0.025 m/s, and separation slurry concentration of 10%,the pre-enrichment concentrate has Mo grade of 0.75% and recovery rate of 64%. Through theoretical calculation and recovery mechanism analysis of the magnetic separation recovery process, a high-efficiency separation scheme is optimized and designed, which includes coarse(-0.5 mm+0.025 mm) and fine(-0.025 mm) particle size classification and separation processes, as well as the coordinated matching of high magnetic field strength(5 T) and high flow rate(0.04 m/s).The final process indicators are: Mo grade in the concentrate of 0.88%,recovery rate of 63.79%,and enrichment ratio of 3.95.The method can achieve the goal of efficient pre-enrichment of low-grade and refractory molybdenum oxide ores, meet the feed grade requirements of subsequent leaching processes, and has certain application potential.
Leaching of Valuable Metals from Zincic Acid Leaching Residue by Micro-Pressure Reduction of Zinc Concentrate
YU Lingfei;ZHU Beiping;ZHANG Zelin;SHI Xianguo;CHEN Xianyou;For zinc acid leaching residue, the reduction leaching of zinc, iron and copper and the enrichment of lead and silver were studied by using zinc concentrate as the reducing agent and zinc smelting waste electrolyte as the leaching agent under micro-pressure conditions.The micro-pressure reduction leaching residue was then leached with hot acid.The effects of various factors on the two-stage leaching were investigated.The results show that the optimal conditions for micro-pressure reduction leaching are pressure of 0.2 MPa, final acid concentration of 35 g/L,reaction temperature of 100 ℃,liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 8/1,zinc concentrate addition of 1.1 times the theoretical amount, stirring speed of 400 r/min, and reaction time of 2 h.The micro-pressure reduction leaching residue obtained under these conditions was leached with hot acid at 90 ℃ and a final acid concentration of 110 g/L for 2 h.The total leaching rates of zinc, iron and copper after the two-stage leaching can reach 95.81%,92.67% and 92.63%,respectively, and the residue rate is 24.61% of the zinc acid leaching residue, which can achieve the reduction of the residue. Lead and silver are enriched in the hot acid leaching residue, with a sulfur mass fraction of 23.42%.The leaching residue has a high content of valuable metals and strong potential for self-heating.The method utilizes the reducing property of zinc concentrate and the oxidizing property of Fe3+ in the zinc acid leaching residue leaching solution to achieve efficient and comprehensive recovery of zinc acid leaching residue, and has certain application and promotion value.
Mineral Processing of Kamtor Gold Ore in Kyrgyzstan
YANG Fangyuan;DAI Shujuan;ZHOU Nan;GAO Ye;HU Zhigang;To enhance the resource utilization rate of fine-grained refractory gold ores， a combined process of flotation and leaching was studied for the extraction of gold from the Kamator gold ore in Kyrgyzstan (Au 3.07 g/t， Ag 20.40 g/t). The results show that a gold concentrate with a grade of 28.57 g/t can be obtained through closed-circuit flotation， with a gold yield and recovery rate of 8.05% and 72.47% respectively， and the gold grade of the flotation tailings is 0.95 g/t. Under suitable conditions， the gold leaching rate of the flotation tailings can reach 83.16%， with a relative gold recovery rate of 22.89% compared to the original ore， and the gold grade of the leaching residue is 0.16 g/t. By adopting the flotation-leaching process， the comprehensive gold recovery rate can reach 95.36%. This method can effectively recover gold from this type of ore.
Selective Leaching Behavior and Mechanism of Zinc From Metallurgical Dust Sludge in Lactic Acid Medium
NIU Fusheng;XU Chenglong;ZHANG Jinxia;Using lactic acid solution as the leaching agent， selective leaching of zinc from metallurgical dust collected from a steel plant in Shanxi was investigated. The effects of leaching time，leaching temperature，liquid volume to solid mass ratio ratio and lactic acid concentration on the leaching effect were investigated，and the leaching mechanism was explored. The results show that under the optimal leaching conditions of lactic acid concentration of 3%，leaching temperature of 20 ℃，leaching time of 5 min，and liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 10 mL/1 g，the leaching rates of zinc and iron are 91.56% and 4.69%，respectively，achieving selective leaching of zinc. In the leaching solution， zinc primarily exist in the forms of Zn[CH3CH(OH)COO]+ and Zn2+， while in the leach residue， zinc is mainly present as zinc ferrite. The weak acidic environment of the leaching system can effectively suppress the dissolution of iron.
Extraction of Aluminum from Purification Slag of Typical Ionic-type Rare Earth Ore
WANG Guishuo;LIU Huiwu;LIANG Gengyu;LIU Zhongchen;CHENG Hao;ZHANG Tianpu;Aluminum ammonium sulfate reaction cooling crystallization technology was studied to extract aluminum from purification slag of typical ion-type rare earth ore and prepare ammonium alum. The effects of ammonium sulfate dosage， reaction temperature， reaction time， and cooling crystallization temperature on the aluminum crystallization rate were investigated. The results show that under the conditions of a molar ratio of ammonium to aluminum of 1.3/1， mass concentration of ammonium sulfate solution of 760 g/L， reaction temperature of 60 ℃， reaction time of 120 min， and cooling temperature of 5 ℃， the aluminum crystallization rate is 94.8%， and the obtained ammonium alum product meets the national standard. The process can effectively achieve the efficient extraction and recovery of aluminum elements from the impurity slag， and has good economic benefits.
Adsorption and Separation Mechanism of Iron in Sulfuric Acid Solution by Sulfonated Pomelo Peel Adsorbent
WANG Xin;Preparation of sulfonic acid-based functionalized biochar (PPBC) by modifying discarded pomelo peels through low-temperature sulfonation method and its application in adsorbing iron ions from high-concentration sulfuric acid solutions was investigated.The effects of adsorptiontime，temperature，stirring speed，initial mass concentration of iron ions and acidity on the adsorption performance of PPBC were examined，and the adsorption and separation mechanism as well as the recycling and regeneration performance were discussed.The results show that under the optimized conditions of sulfuric acid concentration of 0.1 mol/L，temperature of 55 ℃，stirring speed of 200 r/min，initial mass concentration of iron of 1 000 mg/L，and adsorption time of 120 min，the adsorption rate of PPBC for iron ions reaches 98.2%，and the adsorption capacity is 98.2 mg/g.When the initial mass concentration of iron ions is 5 000 mg/L，the adsorption capacity of PPBC for iron ions reaches a maximum of 324.6 mg/g.The adsorption behavior conforms to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and the pseudo -second-order kinetic model，and belongs to monolayer chemical adsorption.After five adsorption-desorption cycles，the regeneration rate of PPBC remains at 87.8%.PPBC has excellent structural stability and reusability，which can provide technical references for the treatment of high-acid and high-iron wastewater and the high-value utilization of agricultural waste.
Research Progress on Wet Extraction of Vanadium from Vanadium-containing Steel Slag
WANG Zekun;WANG Le;LI Yungang;Vanadium-containing steel slag is an industrial waste rich in high-value elements and has significant secondary utilization value. Therefore， how to recover vanadium resources from steel slag at low cost and high efficiency is one of the key challenges that China's vanadium industry needs to overcome. The current research status of wet vanadium extraction technology from vanadium-containing steel slag is reviewed. The progress of calcination-leaching and direct leaching processes is introduced. Other new vanadium extraction processes and enhanced auxiliary methods for vanadium extraction are analyzed. Finally， the advantages and disadvantages of various processes are compared， and the future development trends are prospected.
Review on Proress Technolgies of Laterite-nickel Ore
LI Jian-hua~1,CHENG Wei~1,XIAO Zhi-hai~2 (1.Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing101149,China; 2.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanhua University,Hengyang,Hu'an421001,China)Present status of laterite-nickel resources are introduced. The main technics and related studies are described.The main fractors of working on acidic leaching under pressure are analyzed. It is believed that acidic leaching under pressure process is mostly application prospective.
Investigation and Industrial Practice on Extraction of V2O5 from Stone Coal Containing Vanadium by Acid Process
LU Zhaoling(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy,CNNC,Beijing101149,China)Extraction of V2O5 from stone coal containing Vanadium from Westnorth China is investigated. The results show that Vanadium of about 80% can be leached with sulfuric acid under the condations that temperature is 85℃, mass ratio of liquid and solid is 1∶1, ore size is -60 mesh. Then puritic solution containing V2O5 can be acquired after being extracted with P204 and TBP dissolved in sulfonated kerosene and stripped with sulfuric acid. Refine V2O5 (purity is 98%) can acquired by precipitating with ammonium water and pyrolysis.
New Development of Hydrometallurgy
MA Rong-jun(Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Changsha,Hu'nan 410012,China)The new developments of hydrometallurgical technology are systematically summarized.The new technologies and new processes about leaching(pressurized leaching,active leaching,bacterial leaching,in-situ leaching),solvent extraction,ion exchange,electrolysis and membrane separation are expounded,respectively.The recent development status for preparating powder materials by wet method are especially introduced.The new direction for research and application of hydrometallurgy is also presented.
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Situation and Prospect on Treating of Arsenic-containing Solid Waste
LIU Shu-gen,TIAN Xue-da(Dep.of Environmental Engineering,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hu'nan 411105,China)The origin of arsenical solid wastes and methods used to analyze their stability are(introduced),main methods or technique of treating these wastes are listed and analyzed in detail,then prospect on controlling arsenic pollution is showed.
Research Progress on Application and Preparation of Nano-zinc Oxide
ZHANG Lisheng;LI Hui;ZHANG Hanxin;LIANG Jinglong;The basic characteristics,application status and preparation methods of nano-zinc oxide are briefly described.The principle,research status,advantages and disadvantages and development trend of the these preparation methods,such as gas phase deposition,precipitation,sol-gel and solid phase methods,are introduced.It is pointed out that several of these methods are used in combination,the nano-zinc oxide prepared has better properties.
Research Progress and Application of Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
ZHANG Shi-xian LI Yun-gang HE Xiao-feng (College of Metallurgy and Energy,Hebei Polytechnic University,Tangshan,Hebei 063009,China)In nature,many processes are non-equilibrium.It's not enough to find a solution to research these processes only relying to classical thermodynamics.In the paper,importent theory of non- equilibrium thermodynamics is introduced briefly.Its application in kinds of domain is summarized. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics will be used in more and more field along with it's development.
New Development of Hydrometallurgy
MA Rong-jun(Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Changsha,Hu'nan 410012,China)The new developments of hydrometallurgical technology are systematically summarized.The new technologies and new processes about leaching(pressurized leaching,active leaching,bacterial leaching,in-situ leaching),solvent extraction,ion exchange,electrolysis and membrane separation are expounded,respectively.The recent development status for preparating powder materials by wet method are especially introduced.The new direction for research and application of hydrometallurgy is also presented.
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Advances in Covalent Organic Frameworks
YU Jiehao;LIU Zhirong;Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) materials are crystalline porous polymers formed by a bottom-up approach from molecular building units.The covalent bonds offer positional control over their predesigned building blocks in two-and three-dimensions.The control makes the synthesis have rigid porous structures with the ability to fine-tune the chemical and physical properties.The COFs can be applied in gas storage and separations,sensing,electrochemical energy storage,optoelectronic,catalysis and radioactive element adsorption.The paper summarizes the structure of covalent organic frameworks materials,and discusses the materials crystallinity prepared by different synthetic methods and film formation conditions.The future development of COFs materials is prospected.
Preparation and Application of Nanocrystalline Zinc Sulfide
LI Yun-feng,LAN Yao-zhong (Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650091,China)The preparation methods and principles of nanocrystalline zinc sulfide are introduced.Application status of nanocrystalline zinc sulfide in various fields are expounded in detail.This paper points out that the urgent solving problem in this field is to find the method or process which can produce uniform size,well shape,low-priced nanocrystalline zinc sulfide powder,and to find the doping method which can improve its electro-optic property.
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