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Introduction
Journal English Name: Hydrometallurgy of China
ISSN: 1009-2617 CN: 11-3012/TF
Publication Frequency: Bimonthly
Language: Chinese
Supervising Authority: China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC)
Sponsor: Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC
Editor-in-Chief: Niu Yuqing
Mailing Address: Editorial Office of Hydrometallurgy of China, No. 145, Jiukeshu, Tongzhou District, Beijing, P.R.China
Tel: 8610-51675321, 8610-51674124
Submission Website: https://sfyje.cbpt.cnki.net
E-mail: shifayejin@cnmstc.com
Postal Distribution Code: 81-181
Advertising Registration: Jingtong Shijian Guangdeng Zi No.20190002
Research Progress on Wet Extraction of Vanadium from Vanadium-containing Steel Slag
WANG Zekun;WANG Le;LI Yungang;Vanadium-containing steel slag is an industrial waste rich in high-value elements and has significant secondary utilization value.Therefore, how to recover vanadium resources from steel slag at low cost and high efficiency is one of the key challenges that China's vanadium industry needs to overcome.The current research status of wet vanadium extraction technology from vanadium-containing steel slag is reviewed.The progress of calcination-leaching and direct leaching processes is introduced.Other new vanadium extraction processes and enhanced auxiliary methods for vanadium extraction are analyzed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of various processes are compared, and the future development trends are prospected.
Research Progress on Extraction of Titanium from Titanium-bearing Blast Furnace Slag by Hydrometallurgy
ZHANG Yue;LI Aitong;LIU Jiaxin;YAO Shuxia;ZHANG Zunju;The treatment and resource utilization of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag are the focus and difficult point of research on environmental protection for the iron and steel industry.The research progress on extraction of titanium from titanium-bearing blast furnace slag is reviewed, and the principle, process characteristics, treatment effects, existing problems, industrial prospects and environmental impact of sulfuric acid leaching, hydrochloric acid leaching, organic acid leaching, ammonium sulfate melting, ammonium chloride roasting, alkali melting methods for treatment of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag are analyzed.The technical requirements and development trends of extraction of titanium from titanium-bearing blast furnace slag by hydrometallurgy are prospected.
Selective Leaching Behavior and Mechanism of Zinc from Metallurgical Dust Sludge in Lactic Acid Medium
NIU Fusheng;XU Chenglong;ZHANG Jinxia;Using lactic acid solution as the leaching agent, selective leaching of zinc from metallurgical dust collected from a steel plant in Shanxi was investigated.The effects of leaching time, leaching temperature, liquid volume to solid mass ratio and lactic acid concentration on the leaching effect were investigated, and the leaching mechanism was explored.The results show that under the optimal leaching conditions of lactic acid concentration of 3%,leaching temperature of 20 ℃,leaching time of 5 min, and liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 10 mL/1 g, the leaching rates of zinc and iron are 91.56% and 4.69%,respectively, achieving selective leaching of zinc.In the leaching solution, zinc primarily exist in the forms of Zn[CH_3CH(OH)COO]+ and Zn2+,while in the leach residue, zinc is mainly present as zinc ferrite.The weak acidic environment of the leaching system can effectively suppress the dissolution of iron.
Recovery of Active Materials from Waste NCM Ternary Lithium Batteries by NaOH-directed Dissolution of Oxide Film Method
SUN Yunfeng;ZHU Xiaoping;LIU Ziqi;CHANG Jiaqian;JIA Luwei;WU Guangming;LIU Chuan;YANG Yige;WANG Weixing;Recovery of active materials from the cathode materials of waste NCM ternary lithium batteries using NaOH-directed dissolution method of oxide films was investigated.The effects of solid mass to liquid volume ratio, temperature, and NaOH concentration on the recovery rate of active materials were examined.The results indicate that under the conditions of solid mass to liquid volume ratio, of 4 g/10 mL,temperature of 65 ℃,and NaOH concentration of 3 mol/L,the complete separation of the active materials from the aluminum foil can be achieved in just 1 minute.The shape of the recovered aluminum foil is intact, and the recovery rate of the active materials can reach 98.6%.The method can achieve complete and efficient separation of aluminum foil and active materials from the cathode material with PAA-NH4 as the binder, and has certain promotion and application value.
Synergistic Leaching of Zinc and Germanium from Germanium-rich Zinc Concentrate
FENG Zhichao;PANG Peiyan;JIANG Xuexian;HE Guixiang;ZHOU Jierong;LI Zhonglin;LI Yibing;The leaching of zinc and germanium from germanium-rich zinc concentrate by oxygen pressure leaching process was studied.The effects of key factors such as the initial acidity of sulfuric acid, reaction temperature, leaching time, oxygen partial pressure, sodium lignosulfonate addition amount, liquid volume to solid mass ratio, and stirring speed on the leaching rates of zinc and germanium were systematically investigated.The optimal process conditions for oxygen pressure leaching are determined through single-factor experiments as follows: leaching temperature is 160 ℃,leaching time is 150 min, initial acidity of sulfuric acid is 160 g/L,partial pressure of oxygen is 1.2 MPa, addition amount of sodium lignosulfonate is 1 g, liquid volume to solid mass ratio is 8/1,and stirring speed is 600 r/min.Under the conditions, the germanium leaching rate reaches 94.86% and the zinc leaching rate reaches 99.98%.Compared with the traditional atmospheric pressure leaching, the optimized oxygen pressure process can increase the germanium leaching rate by more than 15%,shorten the leaching time by 40%,and also avoid the emission of high-concentration H_2S gas, reducing environmental pollution and providing a technical reference for the comprehensive utilization of valuable elements in zinc concentrate.
Effect and Mechanism of Pseudomonas cepacia and Anaerobic Granular Sludge Co-culture in the Treatment of U(Ⅵ)-containing Wastewater
JIANG Qian;KONG Qiuyun;PENG Runyi;YAN Yao;ZENG Taotao;For treatment of uranium-containing wastewater， a co-culture system comprising Pseudomonas cepacia and anaerobic granular sludge (PC-AnGS) was constructed ，and its performance and underlying mechanisms for removing of U(Ⅵ) was systematically investigated. The results show that the removal rate of U(VI) is as high as 94.2% under the optimal conditions of initial pH = 7.0， PC-AnGS dosage of 2 g/L and temperature of 35 ℃. The results of adsorption kinetics and isotherm analysis indicate that the adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model， and is dominated by monolayer chemical adsorption. Combined with the control test and SEM， FT-IR， XPS and other characterization methods， it is confirmed that the PC-AnGS system uses the synergistic effect of the two components to adsorb and fix U(VI) mainly through the rich functional groups on the surface. The research results can provide some technical reference for the bioremediation of uranium-containing wastewater.
[Downloads: 30 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Cyclic Leaching of Low-grade Manganese Carbonate Ore to Enrich Manganese
YAN Danyang;TANG Chaobo;YANG Jianguang;WU Weiwei;YANG Ziyi;ZHU Xinmai;FAN Xiaobin;The leaching of manganese from low-grade manganese carbonate ore by sulfuric acid without reducing agent was studied. The effects of key parameters such as mineral particle size， sulfuric acid concentration and liquid volume to solid mass ratio on the leaching rate of manganese were investigated by single factor test， and the cyclic leaching process was optimized. The results show that under the conditions of ore particle size -300 μm ～ + 150 μm proportion ≥ 95 %， sulfuric acid concentration of 5.5 mol / L， reaction temperature of 60 ℃， each cycle leaching time of 30 min， liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 4∶1， and 4 extraction cycles of leaching， the average leaching rate of manganese is 98.35 %， and the mass concentration of manganese in the leaching solution is 101.62 g/L. The proportion of manganese and impurities in the leaching solution is coordinated， and the solution composition is equivalent to the solution composition obtained by the leaching of imported manganese carbonate ore， which can provide qualified feed solution for the next step of manganese deep processing.
[Downloads: 37 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Extraction of Germanium from Lignite Ash by Alkali Fusion Activation-Acid Leaching
ZHANG Te;DU Zeyu;DENG Zhigan;WANG Weicheng;LEI Linxin;ZHANG Chaobo;FU Guang;Germanium in lignite ash mainly exists in Ge—O—Si bonded state， vitreous encapsulated state and iron oxide adsorbed state. The traditional acid leaching method is difficult to destroy the structure of high stability Ge—O—Si bond and dense encapsulated vitreous body， resulting in less than 50% germanium leaching rate and low resource recovery rate. Based on the comparison of three process routes of lignite ash direct acid leaching， roasting-acid leaching， alkali fusion activation-acid leaching and two leaching systems of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid， the process route of extracting germanium from lignite ash by high temperature alkali fusion pretreatment-acid leaching process was proposed and studied. The effects of alkali fusion temperature， mass ratio of material to alkali and alkali fusion holding time on the leaching rate of germanium in lignite ash were investigated， and the leaching effects of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid on alkali fusion activation products were compared. The results show that the leaching performance of germanium can be significantly improved by breaking the Ge-O-Si bond by alkali fusion and converting insoluble silicate into soluble sodium salt， and then the efficient leaching of germanium can be realized by conventional acid leaching. Under the conditions of alkali fusion temperature of 600 ℃， mass ratio of material to alkali of 1 : 1.8 and alkali fusion time of 1 h， the main spherical structure of lignite ash is destroyed， and the encapsulated substances in alkali fusion products are released. When hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid leaching systems are used， the leaching rates of germanium are 86.37% and 93.98%， respectively. This technology can realize the efficient leaching of germanium in lignite ash， which can provide a new technical approach for the resource utilization of high-silicon germanium-containing secondary materials and the efficient recovery of strategic metal germanium.
[Downloads: 49 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Recovery of Lithium from Retired Ternary Lithium Batteries by Carbothermal Reduction-Two-step Leaching Method
ZHANG Min;WU Xiaoqian;CHEN Ming;LI Hongbo;HU Zhenguang;The selective recovery of lithium from retired ternary lithium batteries by carbothermal reduction-two-step leaching ( water leaching-acid leaching ) process was studied. The effects of carbothermal reduction and leaching test conditions on lithium leaching were investigated. The results show that the cathode powder and activated carbon are compounded according to the ratio of carbon mass fraction of 27% by roasting. After roasting at 600 ℃ for 90 min， the roasting product is mixed with ultrapure water according to the solid-liquid mass volume ratio of 1 / 18， and then 83% of the theoretical amount of sulfuric acid is added dropwise. After leaching at 65 ℃ for 20 min， the lithium leaching rate is more than 98%， while the leaching rates of nickel， cobalt and manganese are less than 5%， and the lithium recovery leaching effect is better.
[Downloads: 103 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Removal of Arsenic from Copper Smelting Waste Acid Using Copper Tailings
LI Jianfu;LI An;QI Yonghui;PENG Xiaohua;ZHANG Wanyong;LIU Qiang;DUAN Xinyu;The efficient removal and stabilization of arsenic in copper smelting waste acid is a difficult problem for the green development of the industry. Although the existing lime-iron salt method can remove arsenic， it produces a large amount of arsenic-containing waste residue， which has the risk of secondary pollution. In order to achieve ' treating waste with waste '， the treatment of arsenic in waste acid by copper tailings was studied. Through the synergistic oxidation-precipitation mechanism of hydrogen peroxide， the effects of initial pH， liquid volume to solid mass ratio， reaction temperature， reaction time and hydrogen peroxide dosage on arsenic removal and arsenic stability were systematically investigated. The results show that under the optimal conditions of initial pH= 0.65， reaction of 1 g / 8 mL， reaction temperature of 60 ℃， reaction time of 10 h， and 30% hydrogen peroxide dosage of 2.0 mL/100 mL， the removal rate of arsenic in waste acid reaches more than 97%， and the arsenic leaching concentration of arsenic-containing tailings after treatment reaches the standard. The method can realize the efficient removal and solidification of arsenic in waste acid， which provides a new technical support for the resource utilization of copper tailings and the treatment process of waste acid.
[Downloads: 60 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 0 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Review on Proress Technolgies of Laterite-nickel Ore
LI Jian-hua~1,CHENG Wei~1,XIAO Zhi-hai~2 (1.Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing101149,China; 2.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanhua University,Hengyang,Hu'an421001,China)Present status of laterite-nickel resources are introduced. The main technics and related studies are described.The main fractors of working on acidic leaching under pressure are analyzed. It is believed that acidic leaching under pressure process is mostly application prospective.
Investigation and Industrial Practice on Extraction of V_2O5 from Stone Coal Containing Vanadium by Acid Process
LU Zhaoling(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy,CNNC,Beijing101149,China)Extraction of V2O5 from stone coal containing Vanadium from Westnorth China is investigated. The results show that Vanadium of about 80% can be leached with sulfuric acid under the condations that temperature is 85℃, mass ratio of liquid and solid is 1∶1, ore size is -60 mesh. Then puritic solution containing V2O5 can be acquired after being extracted with P204 and TBP dissolved in sulfonated kerosene and stripped with sulfuric acid. Refine V2O5 (purity is 98%) can acquired by precipitating with ammonium water and pyrolysis.
New Development of Hydrometallurgy
MA Rong-jun(Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Changsha,Hu'nan 410012,China)The new developments of hydrometallurgical technology are systematically summarized.The new technologies and new processes about leaching(pressurized leaching,active leaching,bacterial leaching,in-situ leaching),solvent extraction,ion exchange,electrolysis and membrane separation are expounded,respectively.The recent development status for preparating powder materials by wet method are especially introduced.The new direction for research and application of hydrometallurgy is also presented.
[Downloads: 2,954 ] [Citations: 133 ] [Reads: 37 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Regional Distribution of Vanadium Ore Resources and Extraction Processes of Vanadium From Stone Coal in China
JIANG Kai-qi,GUO Zhao-hui,XIAO Xi-yuan(Institute of Environmental Engineering,School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering,Central South University,Changsha,Hu'nan 410083)The reserves of vanadium resources,especially stone coal resources are abundant in China.Based on the statistical data,the available reserves of vanadium pentoxide resources are about 34 million tons,while accumulative total reserves are about 36 million tons,which are mainly distributed in provinces of Sichuan,Shanxi,Hu'nan,Anhui and Hubei.The available reserves and accumulative total proven reserves in above provinces account for 90.1% and 88.9% of the whole reserves in China,respectively.The stone coal is a special vanadium ore in China which reserves of V2O5 are about 11 million tons and account for 37.0% of the whole stone coal vanadium reserves,which are mainly distributed in provinces of Hu'nan,Hubei,Zhejiang and Guizhou.The available vanadium reserves in stone coal account for 62.6% which have industrial prospect and the content of V2O5 in these stone coal is more than 0.8%.Finally,main vanadium extraction processes by pydro-hydrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy are reviewed and some problems are also discussed.A novel technology,bioleaching,used in leaching of vanadium and other valuable metals from stone coal is prospected.
Research Progress on Application and Preparation of Nano-zinc Oxide
ZHANG Lisheng;LI Hui;ZHANG Hanxin;LIANG Jinglong;The basic characteristics,application status and preparation methods of nano-zinc oxide are briefly described.The principle,research status,advantages and disadvantages and development trend of the these preparation methods,such as gas phase deposition,precipitation,sol-gel and solid phase methods,are introduced.It is pointed out that several of these methods are used in combination,the nano-zinc oxide prepared has better properties.
Research Progress and Application of Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
ZHANG Shi-xian LI Yun-gang HE Xiao-feng (College of Metallurgy and Energy,Hebei Polytechnic University,Tangshan,Hebei 063009,China)In nature,many processes are non-equilibrium.It's not enough to find a solution to research these processes only relying to classical thermodynamics.In the paper,importent theory of non- equilibrium thermodynamics is introduced briefly.Its application in kinds of domain is summarized. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics will be used in more and more field along with it's development.
[Downloads: 3,423 ] [Citations: 25 ] [Reads: 74 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
New Development of Hydrometallurgy
MA Rong-jun(Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Changsha,Hu'nan 410012,China)The new developments of hydrometallurgical technology are systematically summarized.The new technologies and new processes about leaching(pressurized leaching,active leaching,bacterial leaching,in-situ leaching),solvent extraction,ion exchange,electrolysis and membrane separation are expounded,respectively.The recent development status for preparating powder materials by wet method are especially introduced.The new direction for research and application of hydrometallurgy is also presented.
[Downloads: 2,954 ] [Citations: 133 ] [Reads: 37 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Advances in Covalent Organic Frameworks
YU Jiehao;LIU Zhirong;Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) materials are crystalline porous polymers formed by a bottom-up approach from molecular building units.The covalent bonds offer positional control over their predesigned building blocks in two-and three-dimensions.The control makes the synthesis have rigid porous structures with the ability to fine-tune the chemical and physical properties.The COFs can be applied in gas storage and separations,sensing,electrochemical energy storage,optoelectronic,catalysis and radioactive element adsorption.The paper summarizes the structure of covalent organic frameworks materials,and discusses the materials crystallinity prepared by different synthetic methods and film formation conditions.The future development of COFs materials is prospected.
Preparation and Application of Nanocrystalline Zinc Sulfide
LI Yun-feng,LAN Yao-zhong (Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650091,China)The preparation methods and principles of nanocrystalline zinc sulfide are introduced.Application status of nanocrystalline zinc sulfide in various fields are expounded in detail.This paper points out that the urgent solving problem in this field is to find the method or process which can produce uniform size,well shape,low-priced nanocrystalline zinc sulfide powder,and to find the doping method which can improve its electro-optic property.
[Downloads: 2,186 ] [Citations: 22 ] [Reads: 64 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Developments
Strict Statement from Hydrometallurgy of China Regarding Counterfeit and Fraudulent Information
Call for Papers: Special Issue on "Lithium Resource Extraction and Recovery" in Hydrometallurgy
Notice of Inclusion in the 2023 Edition of the "Core Journals of Chinese Journals"
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